Singapore
-
- TOTAL AREA:
632.6 sq km (2 sq mi); LAND AREA: 622.6 sq km (2 sq mi)
- COMPARATIVE AREA:
slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Washington,
D.C.
- LAND BOUNDARIES:
none
- COASTLINE:
193 km (104 mi)
- MARITIME CLAIMS:
Exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm; Territorial sea: 3 nm
- DISPUTES:
two islands in dispute with Malaysia
- CLIMATE:
tropical; hot, humid, rainy; no pronounced rainy or dry seasons;
thunderstorms
occur on 40% of all days (67% of days in April)
- TERRAIN:
lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water
catchment
area and nature preserve
- NATURAL RESOURCES:
fish, deepwater ports
- LAND USE:
arable land 4%; permanent crops 7%; meadows and pastures 0%;
forest and
woodland 5%; other 84%
- ENVIRONMENT:
mostly urban and industrialized
- DEFORESTATION
RATE: 0 net annual percent
- NOTE: focal
point for Southeast Asian sea routes
PEOPLE
OF SINGAPORE
- POPULATION, YEAR
1992: 2,765,000
- POPULATION, YEAR
2010 (Projected): 3,174,000
- POPULATION, YEAR
2025 (Projected): 3,344,000
- POPULATION DENSITY:
11,332 persons per sq mi
- TOTAL URBAN POPULATION:
2,765,000
- URBAN POPULATION:
100%
- TOTAL POPULATION
GROWTH: 37,881
- POPULATION GROWTH:
1.37%
- POPULATION DOUBLING
TIME: 50.59 years
- TOTAL BIRTHS:
51,153
- BIRTH RATE:
18.5 births per 1000 persons
- FERTILITY RATE:
1.83 children born per woman
- TOTAL DEATHS:
13,272
- DEATH RATE:
4.8 deaths per 1000 persons
- POPULATION UNDER
AGE 15: 644,000
- PERCENT UNDER
AGE 15: 23.3%
- POPULATION OVER
AGE 65: 166,000
- PERCENT OVER
AGE 65: 6%
- LIFE EXPECTANCY
AT BIRTH: 73 years male, 78 years female (1992)
- NET MIGRATION
RATE: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1992)
- MARRIAGES:
24,853
- MARRIAGE RATE:
9.4 per 1000 persons
- DIVORCES:
2,536
- DIVORCE RATE:
0.96 per 1000 persons
- NATIONALITY:
noun - Singaporean(s); adjective - Singapore
- ETHNIC DIVISIONS:
Chinese 76.4%, Malay 14.9%, Indian 6.4%, other 2.3%
- RELIGIONS:
majority of Chinese are Buddhists or atheists; Malays are
nearly all
Muslim (minorities include Christians, Hindus, Sikhs, Taoists,
Confucianists)
- LANGUAGES:
Chinese, Malay, Tamil, and English (all official); Malay
(national)
EDUCATION IN SINGAPORE
- LITERACY:
88% (male 93%, female 84%) age 15 and over can read and write
(1990 est.)
- AGES OF COMPULSORY
EDUCATION: N/A
- EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURE:
3.4% of GNP
- EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURE:
11.5% of govt. expenditure
- DAILY NEWSPAPERS:
8
- DAILY NEWSPAPER
CIRCULATION: 763,000
- DAILY CIRCULATION:
289 per 1000 persons
- NEWSPRINT CONSUMPTION:
29,274 kg per 1000 persons
- NATIONAL LIBRARIES:
2,672,000 volumes
- SPECIAL LIBRARIES:
10,000 volumes
- MUSEUMS AND SITES:
10
HEALTH
IN SINGAPORE
- MEDICAL CARE
EXPENDITURES: 3.6% of gnp
- ACCESS TO HEALTH
CARE: 100% with access
- ACCESS TO SAFE
WATER: 100% with access
- ACCESS TO SAFE
WATER, URBAN: 100% with access
- ACCESS TO SAFE
WATER, RURAL: 100% with access
- CALORIE CONSUMPTION,
TOTAL: 3,121 calories per person per day
- CALORIE CONSUMPTION,
ANIMAL: 756 calories per person per day
- CALORIE CONSUMPTION,
VEGETABLE: 2,365 calories per person per day
- HOSPITAL BEDS:
251 population per bed
- PHYSICIANS:
1,086
- PHYSICIANS PER
CAPITA: 4.2 per 10,000 persons
- NURSES:
4,967
- NURSES PER CAPITA:
19.2 per 10,000 persons
- CONTRACEPTION
USE: 74.2% of married women
- MATERNAL DEATHS:
3
- MATERNAL MORTALITY
RATE: 6.9 deaths per 100,000 live births
- TOTAL INFANT
MORTALITY: 343
- INFANT MORTALITY
RATE: 6.7 deaths per 1000 births
- MEASLES IMMUNIZATION:
87% of immunized under 12 months
- DPT: 90%
immunized under 12 months
- AIDS: 35
cases reported
GOVERNMENT OF SINGAPORE
- LONG-FORM NAME:
Republic of Singapore
- TYPE: republic
within Commonwealth
- CAPITAL:
Singapore
- ADMINISTRATIVE
DIVISIONS: none
- INDEPENDENCE:
9 August 1965 (from Malaysia)
- CONSTITUTION:
3 June 1959, amended 1965; based on preindependence State
of Singapore
Constitution
- LEGAL SYSTEM:
based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction
- NATIONAL HOLIDAY:
National Day, 9 August (1965)
- EXECUTIVE BRANCH:
president, prime minister, two deputy prime ministers,
Cabinet
- LEGISLATIVE BRANCH:
unicameral Parliament
- JUDICIAL BRANCH:
Supreme Court
- LEADERS:
Chief of State: President WEE Kim Wee (since 3 September 1985);
Head of
Government: Prime Minister GOH Chok Tong (since 28 November
1990); Deputy
Prime Minister LEE Hsien Loong (since 28 November 1990);
Deputy Prime
Ministers ONG Teng Cheong (since 2 January 1985) and LEE
Hsien Loong
- POLITICAL PARTIES
AND LEADERS: government: People's Action Party (PAP),
LEE Kuan
Yew, secretary general; opposition: Workers' Party (WP), J. B.
JEYARETNAM;
Singapore Democratic Party (SDP), CHIAM See Tong; National
Solidarity
Party (NSP), leader NA; Barisan Sosialis (BS, Socialist Front),
leader NA
- SUFFRAGE:
universal and compulsory at age 20
- ELECTIONS:
President: last held 31 August 1989 (next to be held NA
August 1993);
results - President WEE Kim Wee was reelected by Parliament
without
opposition; Parliament: last held 31 August 1991 (next to be held
31 August
1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (81 total)
PAP 77,
SDP 3, WP 1
- MEMBER OF:
APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD,
ICAO, ICC,
ICFTU, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC,
ISO, ITU,
LORCS, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WHO, WMO
- DIPLOMATIC REPRESENTATION:
Ambassador S. R. NATHAN; Chancery at 1824 R
Street NW,
Washington, D.C. 20009; telephone (202) 667-7555; US:
Ambassador
Robert D. ORR; Embassy at 30 Hill Street, Singapore 0617
(mailing
address is FPO AP 96534); telephone [65] 338-0251; FAX [65]
338-4550
- FLAG: two
equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; near the hoist
side of
the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent (closed portion
is toward
the hoist side) partially enclosing five white five-pointed
stars arranged
in a circle
- BRANCHES:
Army, Navy, Air Force, People's Defense Force, Police Force
- MANPOWER AVAILABILITY:
males 15-49, 847,435; 626,914 fit for military
service
- DEFENSE EXPENDITURES:
exchange rate conversion - $1.7 billion, 4% of GDP
(1990 est.)
CRIME
IN SINGAPORE
- TOTAL OFFENSES:
1,507 per 100,000 persons
- MURDER:
1.5 per 100,000 persons
- SEX OFFENSES
(including rape): 28.6 per 100,000 persons
- RAPE: 3.7
per 100,000 persons
- SERIOUS ASSAULT:
4.7 per 100,000 persons
- THEFT (all kinds):
1,125.2 per 100,000 persons
- AGGRAVATED THEFT:
185.7 per 100,000 persons
- ROBBERY AND VIOLENT
THEFT: 59.5 per 100,000 persons
- BREAKING AND
ENTERING: 126.2 per 100,000 persons
- THEFT OF AUTOMOBILES:
15.9 per 100,000 persons
- OTHER THEFT:
923.6 per 100,000 persons
- FRAUD:
74.6 per 100,000 persons
- COUNTERFEIT CURRENCY
OFFENSES: 26.9 per 100,000 persons
ECONOMY
OF SINGAPORE
- OVERVIEW:
Singapore has an open entrepreneurial economy with strong
service
and manufacturing sectors and excellent international trading
links derived
from its entrepot history. During the 1970s and early 1980s,
the economy
expanded rapidly, achieving an average annual growth rate of
9%. Per
capita GDP is among the highest in Asia. The economy grew at a
respectable
6.5% in 1991, down from 8.3% in 1990, in part because of a
slowdown
in overseas demand and lower growth in the financial and business
services
sector.
- GDP: exchange
rate conversion - $38.3 billion, per capita $13,900; real
growth rate
6.5% (1991 est.)
- GDP, AGRICULTURE:
0.28 percent of GDP from agriculture
- LABOR FORCE:
1,485,800; financial, business, and other services 30.2%,
manufacturing
28.4%, commerce 22.0%, construction 9.0%, other 10.4%
(1990)
- LABOR FORCE,
FEMALES: 32.6% ages 15/64
- ORGANIZED LABOR:
210,000; 16.1% of labor force (1989)
- INFLATION RATE
(CONSUMER PRICES): 3.4% (1991 est.)
- UNEMPLOYMENT
RATE: 1.5% (1991 est.)
- BUDGET:
revenues $9.8 billion; expenditures $9.0 billion, including
capital
expenditures of $2.8 billion (FY91 est.)
- EXPORTS:
$57.8 billion (f.o.b., 1991 est.); commodities: includes
transshipments
to Malaysia - petroleum products, rubber, electronics,
manufactured
goods; partners: US 20%, Malaysia 15%, Japan 9%, Hong Kong
7%, Thailand
6%
- IMPORTS:
$65.8 billion (c.i.f., 1991 est.); commodities: includes
transshipments
from Malaysia - capital equipment, petroleum, chemicals,
manufactured
goods, foodstuffs; partners: Japan 21%, US 16%, Malaysia
15%, Taiwan
4%
- EXTERNAL DEBT:
$3.8 billion (1991 est.)
- INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION:
growth rate 9% (1991 est.); accounts for 29% of
GDP (1990)
- ELECTRICITY:
4,000,000 kW capacity; 14,400 million kWh produced, 5,300
kWh per
capita (1990)
- INDUSTRIES:
petroleum refining, electronics, oil drilling equipment,
rubber processing
and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship
repair,
entrepot trade, financial services, biotechnology
- AGRICULTURE:
occupies a position of minor importance in the economy;
self-sufficient
in poultry and eggs; must import much of other food; major
crops -
rubber, copra, fruit, vegetables
- ECONOMIC AID:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-83), $590 million;
Western
(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89),
$1.0 billion
- CURRENCY:
Singapore dollar (plural - dollars); 1 Singapore dollar (S$) =
100 cents
- EXCHANGE RATES:
Singapore dollars (S$) per US$1--1.6000 (January 1993),
1.6596 (March
1992), 1.7276 (1991), 1.8125 (1990), 1.9503 (1989), 2.0124
(1988),
2.1060 (1987)
- FISCAL YEAR:
1 April - 31 March
- MANUFACTURING:
Cigarettes:
2,300,000,000
Sawnwood:
206,000 cubic meters
Paper and
Paperboard: 10,000 metric tons
Cement:
1,684,000 metric tons
Radios:
19,618,000
Televisions:
3,040,000
Shipbuilding-Tonnage
Launched: 127,398,000 gross registered tons
- ENERGY:
Motor Gasoline:
3,045,000 metric tons coal equivalent
Electricity:
1,724,000 metric tons coal equivalent
Energy Consumption:
4,979 kwh per capita
AGRICULTURE
OF SINGAPORE
- LAND IN AGRICULTURE:
1.61%
- AGRICULTURAL
POPULATION DENSITY: 295,200 persons per sq km
- TOTAL AGRICULTURAL
WORKERS: 13,000
- AGRICULTURAL
WORKERS, 1991: 1% of workforce
- AGRICULTURAL
IMPORTS: $3,520,600,000
- AGRICULTURAL
EXPORTS: $2,554,900,000
- FOOD AND ANIMALS
IMPORTED: $2,337,300,000
- FOOD AND ANIMALS
EXPORTED: $1,345,100,000
- ANIMALS:
Cattle:
0
Buffaloes:
0
Pigs:
380,000
Goats:
2,000
Chickens:
4,000,000
Ducks:
1,000,000
- ANIMAL PRODUCTS:
Total Meat:
146,000 metric tons
Beef:
0 metric tons
Buffalo Meat:
0 metric tons
Mutton and
Lamb: 1,000 metric tons
Pig Meat:
78,000 metric tons
Poultry:
67,000 metric tons
- DAIRY PRODUCTS:
Evaporated
and Condensed Milk: 5,000 metric tons
- MISCELLANEOUS
PRODUCTS:
Fish Catches:
12,600 metric tons
Eggs:
16,200 metric tons
- AGRICULTURAL
EQUIPMENT:
Agricultural
Tractors: 62 in use
COMMUNICATIONS
IN SINGAPORE
- RAILROADS:
38 km (21 mi) of 1.000-meter gauge
- HIGHWAYS:
2,597 km (1,402 mi) total (1984)
- PASSENGER CARS:
236,100
- PORTS:
Singapore
- SHIP CARGO ENTERED:
81,712,000 tons
- SHIP CARGO CLEARED:
68,990,000 tons
- MERCHANT MARINE:
468 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 8,751,619
GRT/14,195,718
DWT; includes 1 passenger-cargo, 126 cargo, 74 container, 7
roll-on/roll-off
cargo, 5 refrigerated cargo, 18 vehicle carrier, 1
livestock
carrier, 144 petroleum tanker, 5 chemical tanker, 4 combination
ore/oil,
1 specialized tanker, 5 liquefied gas, 74 bulk, 2 combination
bulk, 1
short-sea passenger; note - many Singapore flag ships are foreign
owned
- CIVIL AIR:
38 major transport aircraft (est.)
- AIRPORTS:
10 total, 10 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with
runways
over 3,659 m; 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 3 with runways
1,220-2,439
m
- CIVIL AIR TRAFFIC:
31,600,000,000 passenger km flown
- TELECOMMUNICATIONS:
good domestic facilities; good international service;
good radio
and television broadcast coverage; broadcast stations - 13 AM,
4 FM, 2
TV; submarine cables extend to Malaysia (Sabah and peninsular
Malaysia),
Indonesia, and the Philippines; satellite earth stations - 1
Indian Ocean
INTELSAT and 1 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT
- TELEPHONES:
456 per 1000 persons
- TOTAL RADIOS:
822,000
- RADIOS:
306 per 1000 persons
- TOTAL TELEVISIONS:
1,000,000
- TELEVISIONS:
372.4 per 1000 persons
TRAVEL
IN SINGAPORE
- REQUIRED DOCUMENTS:
Passport and onward/return ticket required. Visa not
required
for tourist/business stay up to 2 weeks, extendable to 3 months
maximum.
For further information contact Embassy of Singapore, 1824 R
St., N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20009 (202/667-7555).
- HEALTH:
Yellow fever vaccination is required of travelers arriving from
infected
areas. Health requirements change; check latest information.
- U.S. CHAMBER
OF COMMERCE: Scotts Rd., #16-07 Shaw Centre, Singapore 0922;
Tel 65-235-0077,
Fax 65-732-5917.
- FOREIGN CHAMBER
OF COMMERCE: Singapore Trade Development Board, 745 Fifth
Ave. #1601,
New York, NY 10151, Tel 212-421-2207, Fax 212-888-2897; Los
Angeles,
Tel 213-617-7358, Fax 213-617-7367.
- TOURIST OFFICES:
Singapore Tourist Promotion Board, Raffles City Tower
#38-00,
250 N. Bridge Rd., Singapore 0617, Tel 339-6622, Fax 339-9423;
Singapore
Tourist Promo, Chicago, Tel 312-220-0099, Fax 312-220-0020; New
York, Tel
212-302-4861, Fax 212-302-4801; Beverly Hills, Tel 213-852-1901,
Fax 213-852-0129.
- WEATHER AND CLOTHING:
Warm, humid, and wet. There is little seasonal
variation,
and no pronounced wet or dry seasons.
- TELEPHONE:
When direct dialing to Singapore from the U.S., dial 011
(international
access code) + 65 [country code] + local number.
- TIME: 13
hours ahead of U.S. Eastern Standard Time, and 8 hours ahead of
Greenwich
Mean Time.
- ELECTRIC CURRENT:
220V, 50-CYCLES, AC
- NATIONAL HOLIDAY:
National Day (Aug 9)
- TOURIST ARRIVALS:
4,913,000
- TOURIST RECEIPTS:
$5,020,000,000
- TOURIST ATTRACTIONS:
Jurong Bird Park, zoo; Dance, music, cultural
performances;
shopping--pewter, watches, radios, cameras.
-
IMPORTANT!! All requirements/recommendations are subject to change.
Be
sure to check latest information.
Last updated data on
1992 Dec.
*Carries Ryan's Seal of
Approval*
Designed by:
� 1997,
1998 Ryan Inc.